题目

题解：

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
#define forn(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < int(n); i++)
 
using namespace std;
 
int n;
vector<int> a;
vector<vector<int>> g;
 
long long ans;
vector<map<int, int>> cnt;
 
void dfs(int v, int p = -1){
    int bst = -1;
    for (int u : g[v]) if (u != p){
        dfs(u, v);
        if (bst == -1 || cnt[bst].size() < cnt[u].size())
            bst = u;
    }
    for (int u : g[v]) if (u != p && u != bst){
        for (auto it : cnt[u]){
            int x = it.first, y = it.second;
            if (x != a[v]) ans += cnt[bst][x] * 1ll * y;
            cnt[bst][x] += y;
        }
    }
    if (bst != -1) swap(cnt[bst], cnt[v]);
    ans += cnt[v][a[v]];
    cnt[v][a[v]] = 1;
}
 
int main() {
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--){
        int n;
        cin >> n;
        a.resize(n);
        forn(i, n) cin >> a[i];
        g.assign(n, {});
        forn(_, n - 1){
            int v, u;
            cin >> v >> u;
            --v, --u;
            g[v].push_back(u);
            g[u].push_back(v);
        }
        ans = 0;
        cnt.assign(n, {});
        dfs(0);
        cout << ans << '\n';
    }
    return 0;
}