图像分类是计算机视觉中的一个重要任务，它涉及到将图像分配到一个或多个类别中。这通常是通过使用机器学习模型来实现的，这些模型可以从图像中提取特征，并根据这些特征将图像分类到预定义的类别中。

ResNet网络介绍

在ResNet网络提出之前，传统的卷积神经网络都是将一系列的卷积层和池化层堆叠得到的，但当网络堆叠到一定深度时，就会出现退化问题。ResNet网络提出了残差网络结构(Residual Network)来减轻退化问题，使用ResNet网络可以实现搭建较深的网络结构（突破1000层）。

构建网络

残差网络结构(Residual Network)是ResNet网络的主要亮点，ResNet使用残差网络结构后可有效地减轻退化问题，实现更深的网络结构设计，提高网络的训练精度。本节首先讲述如何构建残差网络结构，然后通过堆叠残差网络来构建ResNet50网络。

残差网络结构主要由两种，一种是Building Block，适用于较浅的ResNet网络，如ResNet18和ResNet34；另一种是Bottleneck，适用于层数较深的ResNet网络，如ResNet50、ResNet101和ResNet152。

定义ResidualBlockBase类实现Building Block结构。

from typing import Type, Union, List, Optional
import mindspore.nn as nn
from mindspore.common.initializer import Normal

# 初始化卷积层与BatchNorm的参数
weight_init = Normal(mean=0, sigma=0.02)
gamma_init = Normal(mean=1, sigma=0.02)

class ResidualBlockBase(nn.Cell):
    expansion: int = 1  # 最后一个卷积核数量与第一个卷积核数量相等

    def __init__(self, in_channel: int, out_channel: int,
                 stride: int = 1, norm: Optional[nn.Cell] = None,
                 down_sample: Optional[nn.Cell] = None) -> None:
        super(ResidualBlockBase, self).__init__()
        if not norm:
            self.norm = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel)
        else:
            self.norm = norm

        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channel, out_channel,
                               kernel_size=3, stride=stride,
                               weight_init=weight_init)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channel, out_channel,
                               kernel_size=3, weight_init=weight_init)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU()
        self.down_sample = down_sample

    def construct(self, x):
        """ResidualBlockBase construct."""
        identity = x  # shortcuts分支

        out = self.conv1(x)  # 主分支第一层：3*3卷积层
        out = self.norm(out)
        out = self.relu(out)
        out = self.conv2(out)  # 主分支第二层：3*3卷积层
        out = self.norm(out)

        if self.down_sample is not None:
            identity = self.down_sample(x)
        out += identity  # 输出为主分支与shortcuts之和
        out = self.relu(out)

        return out

代码定义ResidualBlock类实现Bottleneck结构。

class ResidualBlock(nn.Cell):
    expansion = 4  # 最后一个卷积核的数量是第一个卷积核数量的4倍

    def __init__(self, in_channel: int, out_channel: int,
                 stride: int = 1, down_sample: Optional[nn.Cell] = None) -> None:
        super(ResidualBlock, self).__init__()

        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channel, out_channel,
                               kernel_size=1, weight_init=weight_init)
        self.norm1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(out_channel, out_channel,
                               kernel_size=3, stride=stride,
                               weight_init=weight_init)
        self.norm2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel)
        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(out_channel, out_channel * self.expansion,
                               kernel_size=1, weight_init=weight_init)
        self.norm3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel * self.expansion)

        self.relu = nn.ReLU()
        self.down_sample = down_sample

    def construct(self, x):

        identity = x  # shortscuts分支

        out = self.conv1(x)  # 主分支第一层：1*1卷积层
        out = self.norm1(out)
        out = self.relu(out)
        out = self.conv2(out)  # 主分支第二层：3*3卷积层
        out = self.norm2(out)
        out = self.relu(out)
        out = self.conv3(out)  # 主分支第三层：1*1卷积层
        out = self.norm3(out)

        if self.down_sample is not None:
            identity = self.down_sample(x)

        out += identity  # 输出为主分支与shortcuts之和
        out = self.relu(out)

        return out

模型训练与评估

# 定义ResNet50网络
network = resnet50(pretrained=True)

# 全连接层输入层的大小
in_channel = network.fc.in_channels
fc = nn.Dense(in_channels=in_channel, out_channels=10)
# 重置全连接层
network.fc = fc
# 设置学习率
num_epochs = 5
lr = nn.cosine_decay_lr(min_lr=0.00001, max_lr=0.001, total_step=step_size_train * num_epochs,
                        step_per_epoch=step_size_train, decay_epoch=num_epochs)
# 定义优化器和损失函数
opt = nn.Momentum(params=network.trainable_params(), learning_rate=lr, momentum=0.9)
loss_fn = nn.SoftmaxCrossEntropyWithLogits(sparse=True, reduction='mean')


def forward_fn(inputs, targets):
    logits = network(inputs)
    loss = loss_fn(logits, targets)
    return loss


grad_fn = ms.value_and_grad(forward_fn, None, opt.parameters)


def train_step(inputs, targets):
    loss, grads = grad_fn(inputs, targets)
    opt(grads)
    return loss
import os

# 创建迭代器
data_loader_train = dataset_train.create_tuple_iterator(num_epochs=num_epochs)
data_loader_val = dataset_val.create_tuple_iterator(num_epochs=num_epochs)

# 最佳模型存储路径
best_acc = 0
best_ckpt_dir = "./BestCheckpoint"
best_ckpt_path = "./BestCheckpoint/resnet50-best.ckpt"

if not os.path.exists(best_ckpt_dir):
    os.mkdir(best_ckpt_dir)
import mindspore.ops as ops


def train(data_loader, epoch):
    """模型训练"""
    losses = []
    network.set_train(True)

    for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(data_loader):
        loss = train_step(images, labels)
        if i % 100 == 0 or i == step_size_train - 1:
            print('Epoch: [%3d/%3d], Steps: [%3d/%3d], Train Loss: [%5.3f]' %
                  (epoch + 1, num_epochs, i + 1, step_size_train, loss))
        losses.append(loss)

    return sum(losses) / len(losses)


def evaluate(data_loader):
    """模型验证"""
    network.set_train(False)

    correct_num = 0.0  # 预测正确个数
    total_num = 0.0  # 预测总数

    for images, labels in data_loader:
        logits = network(images)
        pred = logits.argmax(axis=1)  # 预测结果
        correct = ops.equal(pred, labels).reshape((-1, ))
        correct_num += correct.sum().asnumpy()
        total_num += correct.shape[0]

    acc = correct_num / total_num  # 准确率

    return acc
# 开始循环训练
print("Start Training Loop ...")

for epoch in range(num_epochs):
    curr_loss = train(data_loader_train, epoch)
    curr_acc = evaluate(data_loader_val)

    print("-" * 50)
    print("Epoch: [%3d/%3d], Average Train Loss: [%5.3f], Accuracy: [%5.3f]" % (
        epoch+1, num_epochs, curr_loss, curr_acc
    ))
    print("-" * 50)

    # 保存当前预测准确率最高的模型
    if curr_acc > best_acc:
        best_acc = curr_acc
        ms.save_checkpoint(network, best_ckpt_path)

print("=" * 80)
print(f"End of validation the best Accuracy is: {best_acc: 5.3f}, "
      f"save the best ckpt file in {best_ckpt_path}", flush=True)